You can’t have Christmas without seeing robins. They
are one of the most popular symbols of our modern Christmas
festivities and are found everywhere, on Christmas trees,
cards and wrapping paper. They have long been one of our favourite
birds, not only at Christmas but all year round. Robins have
round, dumpy bodies and long legs and their slender bills
show that they are insect feeders, though they also eat fruit
and seeds in winter. They are most easily recognised by their
orangey-red face and breast, a colour which has been likened
to that of Heinz tomato soup! Male and female birds are similar
in size and have the same colouring, so they cannot easily
be told apart by their appearance.
The robin is a member of the Thrush family and is found throughout
Europe. British robins usually stay here all year round, but
those from northern and north-eastern parts of Europe, where
winters are very cold, often migrate through Britain as far
south as north Africa - some of these migrating birds over-winter
in Britain. There are around 5.9 million robins in Britain.
Alternative names include redbreast, ruddock, robin ruck
and ploughman’s bird. The name “ruddock”
means “little red bird” and the scientific name
is also derived from its colour. Erithacus comes
from the Greek, meaning “red-rumped”, while rubecula
comes from Latin and means “little red one”.
Robins are known to gardeners as friendly little companions
who follow them around, perching on garden implements and
waiting for worms and insects in the newly-disturbed soil.
They build neat little nests in shrubs and bushes, but also
in unusual places around the garden, such as old kettles,
buckets, flowerpots and boots.
A
robin nested in one of the Hawk Conservancy tool sheds, simply
using an old box on one of the shelves for its home. One egg
did not hatch and can still be seen in the nest after the
robins had left. The eggs are tiny, only measuring 20mm x
15mm. The average size of a clutch of eggs is 4-5 and these
are incubated by the female for 14-15 days. The young fledge
and leave the nest after 13-16 days and become independent
soon after that. There are often two broods a year and occasionally
three. Adult robins weigh around 18 grams and despite their
small size are feisty and very territorial. Both male and
female birds hold individual territories outside the breeding
season and defend them fiercely. The pretty-sounding song
of the robin is actually a statement of defence of territorial
boundaries and they will fight anything resembling another
robin which crosses those boundaries! Robins can often be
heard singing at night and their song is sometimes mistaken
for that of a nightingale. They are believed to sing after
dark mostly in noisy urban environments, where the daytime
noise masks their important territorial sound signals. Urban
areas are also quite light at night, encouraging the birds
to remain active and keep singing.
Robins appear frequently in folklore and are often associated
with bad luck rather than good. A robin pecking at your window
was thought to foretell a death in the house and harming one
would bring bad luck - if you killed a bird your hands wouldn’t
stop shaking and if you broke its eggs, something valuable
of your own would get broken. When seeing your first robin
of the new year you should make a wish before it flew away,
or bad luck would follow you all year.
One
story says that the robin got its red breast when one came
to Jesus during his crucifixion and tried to pull the thorns
from the crown on his head. The red colour was believed to
be the blood of Jesus on the bird’s feathers or the
robin’s own blood when it was pierced by one of the
thorns. Another legend says that the robin brought fire to Man and the red shows where its breast feathers caught fire while carrying it.
It was said that you could forecast the weather by watching
where a robin sat to sing. If it sat at the top of a bush,
warm weather would follow, while the middle of a bush foretold
rain.
One suggested explanation for the bird’s association
with Christmas is that the first postmen wore red waistcoats
and were popularly known as “Robins”, leading
to the popularity of robins on cards. Early Christmas cards
often showed robins holding letters in their beaks.
Whatever the reasons and the stories, these fat, jolly, friendly-looking
little birds are here to stay, both in the gardens of Britain,
where they are thriving and as a much-loved symbol of the
Christmas season.